A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedure is done  To evaluate the bone marrow function. 

It may aid in the diagnosis of low numbers of red blood cells (anemia), low numbers of white blood cells (leucopenia), or low numbers of platelets (thrombocytopenia), or a high number of these types of blood cells. 

It also can be done to monitor treatment for certain types of blood disorders. 

Test is done to diagnose tumors, prognosis of the disease, such as lymphoma, and evaluation of the effectiveness of chemotherapy. 

Bone marrow culture and sensitivity test is done to see if a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection is present and to identify antibiotics that might be appropriate for treating the infection. 

Bone marrow aspiration is also done to collect bone marrow for stem cell transplantation or chromosomal analysis.